minimum-time-to-type-word-using-special-typewriter

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Algorithms

There is a special typewriter with lowercase English letters <code>&#39;a&#39;</code> to <code>&#39;z&#39;</code> arranged in a circle with a pointer. A character can only be typed if the pointer is pointing to that character. The pointer is initially pointing to the character <code>&#39;a&#39;</code>.
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/07/31/chart.jpg" style="width: 530px; height: 410px;" />
Each second, you may perform one of the following operations:

<ul>
	<li>Move the pointer one character counterclockwise or clockwise.</li>
	<li>Type the character the pointer is currently on.</li>
</ul>

Given a string <code>word</code>, return the minimum number of seconds to type out the characters in <code>word</code>.

&nbsp;
Example 1:

<pre>
Input: word = &quot;abc&quot;
Output: 5
Explanation: 
The characters are printed as follows:
- Type the character &#39;a&#39; in 1 second since the pointer is initially on &#39;a&#39;.
- Move the pointer clockwise to &#39;b&#39; in 1 second.
- Type the character &#39;b&#39; in 1 second.
- Move the pointer clockwise to &#39;c&#39; in 1 second.
- Type the character &#39;c&#39; in 1 second.
</pre>

Example 2:

<pre>
Input: word = &quot;bza&quot;
Output: 7
Explanation:
The characters are printed as follows:
- Move the pointer clockwise to &#39;b&#39; in 1 second.
- Type the character &#39;b&#39; in 1 second.
- Move the pointer counterclockwise to &#39;z&#39; in 2 seconds.
- Type the character &#39;z&#39; in 1 second.
- Move the pointer clockwise to &#39;a&#39; in 1 second.
- Type the character &#39;a&#39; in 1 second.
</pre>

Example 3:

<pre>
Input: word = &quot;zjpc&quot;
Output: 34
Explanation:
The characters are printed as follows:
- Move the pointer counterclockwise to &#39;z&#39; in 1 second.
- Type the character &#39;z&#39; in 1 second.
- Move the pointer clockwise to &#39;j&#39; in 10 seconds.
- Type the character &#39;j&#39; in 1 second.
- Move the pointer clockwise to &#39;p&#39; in 6 seconds.
- Type the character &#39;p&#39; in 1 second.
- Move the pointer counterclockwise to &#39;c&#39; in 13 seconds.
- Type the character &#39;c&#39; in 1 second.
</pre>

&nbsp;
Constraints:

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= word.length &lt;= 100</code></li>
	<li><code>word</code> consists of lowercase English letters.</li>
</ul>

minTimeToType

Minimum Time to Type Word Using Special Typewriter

Minimum Distance to Type a Word Using Two Fingers

minimum-distance-to-type-a-word-using-two-fingers

二指输入的的最小距离

Greedy

String

有一个特殊打字机，它由一个 圆盘 和一个 指针&nbsp;组成， 圆盘上标有小写英文字母&nbsp;<code>'a'</code> 到&nbsp;<code>'z'</code>。只有&nbsp;当指针指向某个字母时，它才能被键入。指针 初始时&nbsp;指向字符 <code>'a'</code>&nbsp;。
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/07/31/chart.jpg" style="width: 530px; height: 410px;" />
每一秒钟，你可以执行以下操作之一：

<ul>
	<li>将指针 顺时针&nbsp;或者 逆时针&nbsp;移动一个字符。</li>
	<li>键入指针 当前&nbsp;指向的字符。</li>
</ul>

给你一个字符串&nbsp;<code>word</code>&nbsp;，请你返回键入&nbsp;<code>word</code>&nbsp;所表示单词的 最少&nbsp;秒数&nbsp;。

&nbsp;

示例 1：

<pre>
输入：word = "abc"
输出：5
解释：
单词按如下操作键入：
- 花 1 秒键入字符 'a' in 1 ，因为指针初始指向 'a' ，故不需移动指针。
- 花 1 秒将指针顺时针移到 'b' 。
- 花 1 秒键入字符 'b' 。
- 花 1 秒将指针顺时针移到 'c' 。
- 花 1 秒键入字符 'c' 。
</pre>

示例 2：

<pre>
输入：word = "bza"
输出：7
解释：
单词按如下操作键入：
- 花 1 秒将指针顺时针移到 'b' 。
- 花 1 秒键入字符 'b' 。
- 花 2 秒将指针逆时针移到 'z' 。
- 花 1 秒键入字符 'z' 。
- 花 1 秒将指针顺时针移到 'a' 。
- 花 1 秒键入字符 'a' 。
</pre>

示例 3：

<pre>
输入：word = "zjpc"
输出：34
解释：
单词按如下操作键入：
- 花 1 秒将指针逆时针移到 'z' 。
- 花 1 秒键入字符 'z' 。
- 花 10 秒将指针顺时针移到 'j' 。
- 花 1 秒键入字符 'j' 。
- 花 6 秒将指针顺时针移到 'p' 。
- 花 1 秒键入字符 'p' 。
- 花 13 秒将指针逆时针移到 'c' 。
- 花 1 秒键入字符 'c' 。
</pre>

&nbsp;

提示：

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= word.length &lt;= 100</code></li>
	<li><code>word</code>&nbsp;只包含小写英文字母。</li>
</ul>